Certain infectious and parasitic diseases. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a mild, contagious viral infection common in young children. 3 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 074. There are two types of viruses that cause HFMD, and the symptoms vary depending on the virus. 828 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Z86. The Pan American Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Veterinary Public Health (PANAFTOSA/VPH) is a specialized center of the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) linked to the Communicable Diseases Prevention, Control, and Elimination Deparment (CDE). 3 Hand foot and mouth disease may be related to coxsackieviruses A16, A5, A9, A10, B2, B5 and enterovirus 71. 9 became effective on October 1, 2023. , 2014; Ji et al. Days 3–7 (or. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) primarily affects infants and children or occasionally adults. 5 - other international versions of ICD-10 B08. Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a viral infection most commonly caused by the Coxsackie virus. Never give aspirin to children. #2. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infection that is typically characterized by fever, mouth ulcers, and a papulovesicular rash involving the hands, soles of the feet, and/or buttocks. Common signs and symptoms include fever, sore throat, tiredness, loss of appetite. 3 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 074. Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common illness that causes fever, mouth sores, and a rash on the hands and feet. HFMD umumnya. 9 may differ. Mouth sores can make it painful to swallow, so your child may not want to drink much. They usually appear on the tongue, gum and inside of the. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by an oral enanthem and a macular, maculopapular, or vesicular rash of the hands and feet (and possibly other locations) []. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease What is it? Hand, Foot and Mouth is usually a mild childhood disease, but can affect adults too. 9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common illness caused by a virus. Neurological exam, with an assessment of neck stiffness: meningitis is a rare complication of HFMD. 9 - other international versions of ICD-10 M86. The first signs are usually a high temperature, sore throat and not wanting to eat. When and How to Wash Your Hands. But HFMD can cause severe central nervous system complications which can lead to death associated with enterovirus 71 (EV71). The 2nd stage usually starts a few days later and can include: mouth ulcers, which can be painful. 500 results found. While generally a mild illness, some children will have fever, sore throat and tiredness and blisters which can be uncomfortable. HFMD can also involve the hands, feet, buttocks, and/or genitalia. This code was replaced on September 30, 2015 by its ICD-10 equivalent. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code R06. 3 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 074. View ICD-10 Tree Chapter 1 - Certain infectious and. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) A Guide for Child Care Centers, Schools, and Families . Ten days earlier, he had been diagnosed with pharyngitis and prescribed amoxicillin. ICD 10 untuk penyakit tangan kaki dan mulut. Penyakit ini umum terjadi pada anak-anak, terutama di bawah 5 tahun. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is self-limited, meaning it will get. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M12. Infants who are exclusively breastfed receive natural protection against some infectious agents. Penyakit ini sangat menular, ditandai adanya lesi pada mulut serta lesi kulit pada ekstremitas bagian distal. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of M86. 675KHand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood illness caused by enteroviruses, most commonly enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16. Arthropathies in oth diseases classd elswhr, unsp hand. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi akut, disebabkan enterovirus nonpolio yang biasanya bersifat ringan dan swasirna. ICD-9-CM 078. J Biomed Sci. For claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015, use an equivalent ICD-10-CM code (or codes). While generally a mild illness, some children will have fever, sore throat and tiredness and blisters which can be uncomfortable. When and How to Wash Your Hands. g. 9 - other international versions of ICD-10 A49. 500 results found. Puenpa J, Wanlapakorn N, Vongpunsawad S, Poovorawan Y. With such epidemic characteristics and potential economic. Atypical hand, foot, and mouth disease: eczema coxsackium can also occur in adults. Classification. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code B08. Hand, foot and mouth disease is a viral illness caused by coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of B37. ebiom. This typically lasts approximately 7-10 days. It is common in children under 5 years old, but anyone can get it. ICD-10-CM Codes. Icd 10 Hand Foot Mouth Disease: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention. ICD-9-CM 074. A fever and. 4. Symptoms include sores in the mouth and a rash on the hands and feet. Non-herpetic blisters primarily affect the back of the throat and roof of the mouth while sparing the lips and gums. Although there is no specific treatment for hand-foot-and-mouth disease, the doctor may offer a topical, oral anesthetic to ease the pain of mouth bumps and help the child eat and drink. Introduction. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious viral disease and mainly affects infants and young children. While the symptoms may be uncomfortable, HFMD is rarely serious and typically resolves on its own within a week or two. Common signs and symptoms include fever, sore throat, tiredness, loss of appetite and. Use soap and water. Atypical hand-foot-and-mouth disease CMAJ. Hemarthrosis of hand. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. 006. Many different types of these viruses can cause the disease, but in the U. The sores and blisters on hands, feet and mouth are so typical that they have given the disease its name. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute contagious disease caused by human enteroviruses (EVs), which mostly affects children under five years old. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M12. Effective antivirus and vaccine to. It usually occurs in small outbreaks at crèches / day-care centres during summer and autumn months. Department of Agriculture to learn more. 4 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with exanthem. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM A49. Log in. FIGURE 1. Hand foot and mouth disease; Hand, foot and mouth disease. Hand, foot, and mouth disease. If the disease is confined to the oral cavity it is almost indistinguishable from primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Stay home from work or school while you have a fever or open blisters. These viruses are a member of the picornaviruses belonging to the Picornaviridae family which includes non-enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses. Mouth sores can make it painful to swallow, so your child may not want to drink much. was found in ICD-10-CM 2023, trusted medicine information. The infection usually starts with a mild to moderate fever, achiness and crankiness, followed by a small, red raised. 3 should only be used for claims with a date of service on or before September 30, 2015. It usually begins with fever, poor appetite, tiredness and sore throat. Chuo F. 500 results found. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a prevalent infection among children in East and Southeast Asia caused by a group of human enteroviruses from the family Picornaviridae. 6. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is caused by a virus (usually from the coxsackie group of enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie virus A16). What is hand, foot and mouth disease? Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common but highly contagious infection in children caused by enteroviruses, including coxsackieviruses. ICD-9-CM 074. โรคมือ เท้า ปาก (Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease)โรคมือ เท้า ปาก หรือ Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) คือโรคที่เกิดจากการติดเชื้อไวรัส Human enteroviruses ผ่านการสัมผัสกับน้ำลาย น้ำมูก ตุ่มน้ำใส. Children may get a fever and develop a sore throat. The diagnosis is mainly clinical from characteristic mucocutaneous lesions distributed over hands, feet and oral cavity, and a prodrome of fever, malaise and upper respiratory symptoms. One or two days after the fever begins, sores develop in the mouth. Barnen kan vara kvar på sin vanliga barntillsyn om deras allmäntillstånd tillåter det. Hand, foot and mouth disease has no specific treatment, although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that most people get better on their own within seven to 10 days. 4 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with exanthem Hand foot and mouth disease; Hand, foot and mouth disease ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M12. Sep 20, 2018. 4: Short Description: Foot & mouth disease: Long Description:Coxsackievirus 16 (CA16) is one of the major pathogens associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in infants and young children. Showing 26-50: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M25. 89% of the cases were recorded among children aged 6 and below while 9%. 5 [convert to. INTRODUCTION. Introduction Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness usually affecting infants and children but can affect. Sore throat. HFMD, also called enteroviral vesicular stomatitis, occurs sporadically worldwide. A general assessment of hydration status: dehydration can be a complication of HFMD due to reduced oral intake. B08. ICD-11 ID (MMS) 1F05. Penyakit HFMD disebabkan oleh infeksi virus Coxsackie dan Enterovirus. Subscribe to Codify by AAPC and get the code details in a flash. But HFMD can cause severe central nervous system complications which can lead to death associated with enterovirus 71 (EV71). a high temperature. ศรัญญา ศรีจันท์ทองศิริ โรคมือเท้าปาก (Hand-Foot-and-Mouth-Disease) "โรคมือ เท้า ปาก" เป็นหนึ่งในกลุ่มอาการที่เกิดจากเชื้อ ENTEROVIRUS มีลักษณะเฉพาะ คือ มีตุ่มน้้า. 641A [convert to ICD-9-CM] Pathological fracture in other disease, right hand, initial encounter for fracture. It causes blisters on the hands and feet, in the mouth and often in the ‘nappy’ area. ICD-9-CM 074. Coxsackievirus A6 may have become the. The illness is typically mild and complications are rare. 1 became effective on October 1, 2023. 8 :The ICD 10 code for Hand Foot Mouth disease is B08. anthrax. Pemeriksaan penunjang tidak rutin diperlukan pada penyakit ini. 2020. 9 may differ. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. Wash your hands often for at least 20 seconds to stop germs from spreading. The risk factors predisposing for hand foot mouth disease include: close contact with infected patient, attendance at a kindergarten/child care center,. Hand, foot, and mouth disease are caused by viruses called enteroviruses. Never give aspirin to children. The first signs of HFMD usually involve: Fever. Case: A 38-year-old monogamous, nulliparous woman acutely developed painful vaginal ulcers 7 days after babysitting a child who was subsequently diagnosed with hand, foot, and mouth disease. It may be on the sides of the tongue, inside the cheeks, and on the gums. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by several different viruses and found worldwide. Its symptoms include a painful rash on the feet and hands, as well as ulcers in the mouth. Cases were patients with severe. 3 should only be used for claims with a date of service on or before September 30, 2015. ) How it is spread. The disease is called hand, foot, and mouth disease because a few days after the individual develops symptoms of a fever, reduced. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus belonging to Enteroviruses including certain coxsackieviruses A16 (CA16), A6 (CA6) and Enterovirus 71 (EV71). foot and mouth disease (also called hoof-and-mouth disease), that affects animals (e. Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is most commonly caused by a virus called coxsackievirus A16. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code B08. It’s a common side effect of some types of chemotherapy. Skin lesions are papulovesicular which appears on palms/soles of feet, hands, knees, and elbows. Hand-foot-mouth disease is diagnosed by anamnesis such as contact history, clinical symptoms, and virus identification. Penyakit kaki, tangan, dan mulut atau penyakit KTM ( bahasa Inggris : hand, foot, and mouth disease, disingkat HFMD) adalah penyakit berjangkit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus RNA yang masuk dalam famili Picornaviridae ( pico dalam bahasa Spanyol berarti "kecil") dan genus Enterovirus (non polio) karena ciri khas penyakit ini yang. 2016 2017. toes. It causes a blister-like rash on your hands, feet and mouth. The main manifestations are fever, vesicular rashes on hand, feet and buttocks and ulcers in the oral mucosa. A topical cream can soothe the rash. 500 results found. Reduced appetite. Search Results. 手足口病症状; 一个11个月大男孩口腔周围的典型病变: 症状: 疹: 类型: 病毒感染、coxsackievirus infectious disease[*]、皮膚感染、疾病: 分类和外部资源; 醫學專科: 傳染病學: ICD-11: 1F05. However, the association between socioeconomic factors and meteorological factors on HFMD is still unclear. Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is fairly common a viral infection, which mainly affects infants and children. Another virus of domestic animals (called. 1 Diagnostic Codes. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral infection that primarily affects infants and young children. Gejala demam dan flu tersebut termasuk: Demam dengan suhu badan di atas 38°C. 049 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Hemarthrosis, unspecified hand. several different viruses, people can get the disease more than once. Sjukdomen är inte anmälningspliktig. Coxsackieviruses are RNA viruses that may cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), as well as disease of muscles, lungs, and heart. Superficial foreign body of hand. Symptoms of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) usually include fever, mouth sores, and skin rash. The transmission of HFMD is mainly through direct contact with saliva, faces, vesicular fluid, respiratory droplets of the infected individual, or indirect contact with contaminated objectsHand, foot, and mouth disease is typically caused by the Coxsackie virus—usually, but not always, the Coxsackie 1 virus. HFMD Symptoms. Pathological fracture in other disease, left foot, subsequent encounter for fracture with nonunion Path fracture in oth disease , l foot , subs for fx w nonunion ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M84. พญ. instance of. Year became a transformation unit for age. A skin rash with red spots and sometimes withSigns and Symptoms of Hand Foot and Mouth Disease. Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infection characterized typically by fever with mouth ulcers, eruption of vesiculo-papular rash over the hands, soles and/or buttocks. HFMD is cause by coxsackie A16 and enterovirus 71. FMD Pocket Guide. Ulcers appear in the mouth and on the tongue. ©2004 Kent County Health Department 700 Fuller Ave NE Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503 616/632-7100 Title: Hand Foot Mouth Disease Fact Sheet Author: Kent County Health DepartmentObjectives: To describe the epidemiological characteristics and medication overview of HFMD in Guangzhou and analyze the factors of length of stay (LOS) based on TCM usage. Hand, foot, and mouth disease. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease may be classified according to international classification of diseases-10 (ICD-10) into B08. Authors Adam J Hoffmann 1 , Meriem Latrous 1 , Joseph M Lam 2 Affiliations 1 Departments of Pediatrics (Hoffmann, Latrous, Lam), and of. If the disease is confined to the oral cavity it is almost indistinguishable from primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Z87. 3 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 074. Cases were patients with severe HFMD disease while controls. 4 (Enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with. Makan atau minum lebih sedikit. 0 may differ. Drink enough liquids. Hand Foot Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral infection that primarily affects infants and young children. coughs, sneezes, saliva, fluid from blisters/mouth. 9 became effective on October 1, 2023. Contact with the blister fluid or faeces. 9 became effective on October 1, 2023. Up to 18 June 2022, approximately 106,447 HFMD cases were recorded. Hand, foot and mouth disease and herpangina caused by enterovirus A71 infections: a review of enterovirus A71 molecular. Visit the National Agricultural Library of the U. Hand Foot Mouth Disease Icd 10 Code. HFMD is a highly contagious disease that causes fever, cold symptoms, mouth sores, and rashes. In most individuals, infection is asymptomatic or causes only mild symptoms. พญ. Enterovirus 71 infection is associated with more severe infections that may involve the heart, lungs, and can also cause inflammation of the lining of the brain (. Over this time period, 98 cases of presumed HFMD presented to CED or were discharged with an ICD-10 diagnosis of HFMD, in contrast to 18 cases between December 2011 and May 2012. Eczema coxsackium is a form of Kaposi varicelliform eruption, and has been described as atypical hand, foot and mouth disease (HFM) . 142 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Kaschin-Beck disease, left hand Diagnosis & treatment On this page Overview Symptoms When to see a doctor Causes Risk factors Complications Prevention Overview Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a mild, contagious viral infection common in young children. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral illness that presents with small blisters in the mouth and a rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. 3 for Hand foot and mouth disease is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range -OTHER DISEASES DUE TO VIRUSES AND CHLAMYDIAE (070-079). K13. 3. Hand, foot and mouth disease is a viral infection, which means adults, like children, catch the virus from others. The quarantine period for hand, foot, and mouth disease is 7 to 10 days. 2016. It mainly occurs in children under 10Hand, foot, and mouth disease usually begins with a fever, reduced appetite, sore throat, and feeling lethargic. The history of enterovirus A71 outbreaks and molecular epidemiology in the Asia-Pacific Region. 828 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. candidiasis. “Outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease are common, so being aware of cases in schools, day cares and other child care settings will allow child care providers to be alert to signs and. Hand foot and mouth disease; Hand, foot and mouth disease. 4 for Enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with exanthem is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range -Viral infections ch. 39 became effective on October 1, 2023. toes. M86. abdominal pain. 3. Herpangina is similar to hand, foot and mouth disease. Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness that usually affects infants and children younger than 5 years old. Cancer of the floor of. The symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease usually develop between 3 and 5 days after being exposed to the infection. There is no specific medical treatment for HFMD although you can alleviate symptoms with over-the-counter (OTC) medication and by staying hydrated. Solitary bone. K13. Myositis of hand. Plus, hand, foot, and mouth disease is rarely fatal. Kaschin beck disease of left hand; Kashin beck disease of. Number of deaths among children* during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease, by month and week of hospital admission. 39. Source ICD-10-CM Code Target ICD-9-CM Code; Z20. To explore. In East and Southeast Asian countries, enterovirus 71. The infiltrate is associated with keratinocyte. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M93. Take over-the-counter medications to relieve fever and pain caused by mouth sores. There is no need to rush your child to. 57. 6. Showing 126-150: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M84. ICD-10 code lookup — find diagnosis codes (ICD-10-CM) and procedure codes (ICD-10-PCS) by disease, condition or ICD-10 code. Definition: highly contagious infection that manifests with a characteristic maculopapular/partially vesicular rash on hands and feet; Clinical features. In this blog post, we will explore the symptoms, treatment options, and. 949. 9 - other international versions of ICD-10 B02. infectious disease. hand, foot and mouth disease or think you may have it, call your health care provider. The most well known Coxsackie A disease is hand, foot and mouth disease (unrelated to foot-and-mouth disease), a common childhood illness which affects mostly children aged 5 or under, often produced by Coxsackie A16. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute communicable disease caused by enteroviruses, most commonly enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackie virus A16 (CV-A16). It is characterized by the presence of small, painful sores or blisters in the mouth, on the palms of the hands, and on the soles of the feet. 4. But most cases of this illness – not to be confused with hoof-and-mouth disease, which affects animals, including cattle, pigs, sheep and goats – are not serious and are easily treatable. 3, a 98. Diagnosis. They may be painful. Hand, foot, and mouth disease Signs and symptoms. 500 results found. Hand, foot, and mouth disease is very contagious. Hand, foot, mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in young children, particularly in those under 5 years. 5. 6. นับ ครั้ง คน และ แสดง Point หมู่บ้านเกิดโรค. Learn about its symptoms, treatment options, and steps for preventing transmission. What are the symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease? The major symptom is small sores or lesions in the mouth, on the hands, and on the feet. HFMD is also preventable, especially by practicing good hand hygiene. . Pediatrics. 500 results found. Herpangina is a viral illness that causes a high fever and blister-like sores in the mouth and throat. They begin as small red spots with blisters and then often become ulcers. Usually, HFMD is self-limiting, but a small proportion of children may experience severe complications such as. 4 Enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with. ICD-9-CM 074. It’s caused by a group of viruses and is transmitted through close contact. 849 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Other myositis, unspecified hand. keywords: Children, hand-foot-mouth disease, viral infection PENDAHuLuAN Hand Foot Mouth Disease (HFMD) pertama kali dilaporkan pada tahun 1957 di Toronto,1 merupakan penyakit yang berpotensi mengancam jiwa, sering dijumpai pada anak-anak, kebanyakan penderita berusia kurang dari 5 tahun. The Pan American Center for Foot-and. HFMD was first described in a. a fungal infection also known as a yeast infection. Type 1 Excludes. Hand, foot and mouth disease. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M84. 120(2):e244-52. children hospitalised with hand, foot and mouth disease. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code R06. HFMD-associated. Penyakit yang umumnya menyerang anak-anak ini bisa juga terjadi pada orang dewasa. sore throat. Short description: Contact w and exposure to oth communicable diseases The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Z20. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code S60. Kulik, who is also the founder of the paediatric medical clinic Kidcrew, is now urging anyone with mouth lesions or skin rashes to get tested for COVID-19 and to isolate for at least five days so they don’t risk exposing others to the virus. In this blog post, we will explore the Icd 10 Code for Hand Foot. It is characterized by the development of sores or blisters on the hands, feet, and mouth. Generally, contagious/infectious diseases’ transmission dynamics vary across. 4 is correct though the wording of the code descriptor may seem to focus on the enteroviral stomatitis rather than the exanthum. 9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) 11. It’s caused by a group of viruses and is transmitted through close contact. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of L98. Solitary bone cyst of hand. Hand, foot, and mouth disease. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M89. This code was replaced on September 30, 2015 by its ICD-10 equivalent. 049. With such epidemic characteristics and potential economic impact, HFMD is a significant public health issue in Thailand. Introduction. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD or HFM) is a common, self-limiting, viral infection that causes blisters on the hands, feet, and inside or around the mouth. Figure 1: Clustered erythematous vesicles over the dorsum of the left hand of a 3-year-old boy. Long Description:The disease is mostly self-limiting and resolves in 7 - 10 days. If the disease is confined to the oral cavity it is almost indistinguishable from primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common childhood illness that can affect adults. It can cause mouth sores and a painless rash on the hands, feet, or buttocks. Image 2. 1503/cmaj. sore throat. These symptoms are then followed by: Painful ulcers in the mouth, throat and tongue. The usual period from initial infection to the time symptoms appear (incubation period) is 3 to 6 days. 07. HFMD mainly affects children under the age of 10, but can also affect. Eczema coxsackium is a form of Kaposi varicelliform eruption, and has been described as atypical hand, foot and mouth disease (HFM) .